\documentclass[paper=a6,pagesize,open=any]{scrbook}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\makeindex
\usepackage{zref-abspage}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*\SymbolIndex{%
 \@bsphack
 \begingroup
 \@sanitize
 \@SymbolIndex}
\def\@SymbolIndex#1{%
 \let\TheSymbolNumberPage\relax
 \@wrindex{%
   \@SymbolChar
   \TheSymbolNumberPage
   \@QuoteChar#1%
   \@ActualChar
   \@QuoteChar
   \@backslashchar verb9\@QuoteChar#19}}
\newcommand*{\TheSymbolNumberPage}{%
 \ifnum\value{abspage}<100 0\fi
 \ifnum\value{abspage}<1000 0\fi
 \ifnum\value{abspage}<10000 0\fi
 \ifnum\value{abspage}<100000 0\fi
 \ifnum\value{abspage}<1000000 0\fi
 \ifnum\value{abspage}<10000000 0\fi
 \the\value{abspage}}
\def\@ActualChar{@}
\def\@QuoteChar{"}
\def\@SymbolChar{$}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\chapter{Introduction}
\index{hello}
\SymbolIndex{,}
\SymbolIndex{$}
Hello World
\mainmatter
\chapter{Main chapter}
bar \index{bar} X \SymbolIndex{@} \newpage
foo \index{foo} Y \SymbolIndex{:} \newpage
foo \index{foo} bar \index{bar} Z \SymbolIndex{[} \newpage
\chapter{Next chapter}
X \SymbolIndex{\} foo \index{foo} Y \SymbolIndex{#} \newpage
bar \index{bar} Z \SymbolIndex{!} foo \index{foo}

\printindex
\end{document}
